PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE, ETC. (PMS) / COMBINED COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION (BS-17) 2008

• (D) Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1658 to 1707, got the nickname “Zinda Pir” or “Living Saint” for his extremely simple and frugal lifestyle. Unlike the previous rulers, who were known to have a taste for luxury, he was very strict about following the Islamic law and even supported his own lifestyle by copying the Quran by hand and making prayer caps.

• (C) German

The Communist Manifesto was first published in German on February 21, 1848, in London, commissioned by the Communist League. It was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and its original title was “Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei” or “Manifesto of the Communist Party.”

(B) China

• The Opium Wars were a series of military conflicts in the 1800s between China, which was under the rule of the Qing dynasty, and Western countries, particularly Britain.
• First Opium War (1839-1842): The conflict began when China attempted to suppress the illegal opium trade that was being promoted by the British, which was causing mayhem in the social structure and economy.
• Second Opium War (1856-1860): The British and French combined their efforts against the Chinese to demand greater trade concessions.

(B) Altimeter

• Altimeter: An altimeter is a flight instrument that is designed to tell an aircraft how high it is above a certain level, which is usually mean sea level. In most aircraft, this is done by a barometric altimeter. This is done by measuring the change in air pressure as you ascend or descend, as air pressure falls in a predictable manner with altitude, and this change is translated into a height reading in feet or meters. To ensure that the altimeter reading is correct above sea level, the pilot must set the local air pressure, which is referred to as QNH, before takeoff.
• Barometer: While an altimeter is a type of aneroid barometer, a barometer is designed to measure air pressure for weather forecasting purposes, not to provide a direct altitude reading.
• Compass meter: A magnetic compass indicates direction relative to magnetic north, not altitude.
• Polo meter: There is no such thing as a “polo meter” for altitude measurement in aviation. Similar terms such as “photometer” or “pyrometer” are used to measure light or temperature, respectively.

• (B) Study of universe

Cosmology is the field of study that delves into the origins of the universe, its evolution, its massive scale of interconnectivity, and what the ultimate end of the universe might hold. While it is a branch of astronomy, cosmology is distinct in that it views the universe as an integrated whole rather than focusing on individual stars or planets. Modern physical cosmology investigates core questions such as the Big Bang, the enigmas of dark matter and dark energy, and the echo of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

• (B) Yasser Arafat

Yasser Arafat was the first President of the State of Palestine, elected on April 2, 1989, following the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988. Later, he was appointed as the President of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994 and continued to hold both positions until his death in 2004.

• (B) President

In Pakistan, the governor of each province is appointed by the President. According to Article 101 of the 1973 Constitution, the appointment of the governor is made by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The governor serves as the ceremonial head of the province and holds the position at the pleasure of the President.

• (A) 9

There are nine amino acids that are essential to adult humans. This means that these are the amino acids that our bodies cannot produce on their own and must be obtained through our diet. These are: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, and Valine.

A side note regarding children: Arginine is sometimes considered an essential amino acid in children, which would put the number at ten, but for adults, the number is nine.

• (B) Henry Kissinger

“White House Years” is the memoir of Henry Kissinger, based on his experience as U.S. Secretary of State and National Security Advisor. Released in 1979, the memoir covers the first four years of Kissinger in the Nixon Administration (1969-1973) and focuses on foreign policy, important negotiations, and major international events.

• (B) U.S. Dollar

The U.S. dollar has been the leading currency in the world’s foreign exchange reserves since the Bretton Woods agreement in 1944. Currently, it comprises about 58% of foreign exchange reserves in the world, which is much higher than any other currency in the world. This is because of the size of the American economy, as well as the liquidity of the U.S. financial markets.