How many layers does Earth’s atmosphere have?
- (a) 4
- (b) 5
- (c) 6
- (d) 8
- (b) 5
The five main layers of Earth’s atmosphere are referred to as the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere, and progress from lowest altitude to highest altitude. Each layer is distinctive by temperature, with the troposphere being the densest and having the majority of the Earth’s weather (0-12 km); and the exosphere fainting into space (700-10,000 km).
1. Troposphere (0 to 12 km): The lower level of the atmosphere contains approximately 75-80% of the mass of the atmosphere; it is the base level of the atmosphere and the region where humans live and experience climate phenomena (weather).
2. Stratosphere (12 to 50 km): The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs dangerous ultraviolet radiation produced by the sun, and is where commercial aviation occurs.
3. Mesosphere (50 to 80 km): The mezosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere and is the coldest layer, where meteors burn up upon entering the earth’s atmosphere.
4. Thermosphere (80 to 700 km): The thermosphere is the hottest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, with temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (537 degrees Celsius), and is where the auroras (Northern/Southern Lights) occur.
5. Exosphere (700 to 10,000 km): The exosphere is the outermost and least dense layer of the atmosphere and is where a large proportion of telecommunications satellites orbit.
Less than one percent of Earth’s water is fresh water but the oceans contain ______ per cent of the Earth’s water.
- (a) 87%
- (b) 97%
- (c) 77%
- (d) 99%
- (b) 97%
While the percentage of fresh water on the Earth is less than one percent, the oceans contain 96.5 to 97 percent of the Earth’s water. Although fresh water accounts for a very small percentage, the majority of the Earth’s water supply is in the salty ocean basins.
Who among the following is the current president of Azad and Jammu Kashmir?
- (a) Raja Farooq Haider
- (b) Ch Abdul Majid
- (c) Masood Khan
- (d) None of the above
- (d) None of the above
As of February 2026, Chaudhry Latif Akbar is the President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. He took over as President after the demise of the former President, Barrister Sultan Mahmood Chaudhry, who passed away on January 31, 2026.
Katas raj temples are revered Hindu temples in Pakistan. In which district the temples reside?
- (a) Jhelum
- (b) Chakwal
- (c) Mianwali
- (d) D.G Khan
- (b) Chakwal
The Katas Raj Temples are a sacred Hindu site dedicated to Shiva, located in Pakistan’s Punjab region, in the Chakwal district near a town known as famously Choa Saidanshah. The site has a holy pond flanked by seven ancient temples.
Nawab Malik Amir Muhammad Khan also known as “Nawab of Kalabagh” was governor of West Pakistan in 1960. He was from:
- (a) Bahawalpur
- (b) Mianwali
- (c) Mirpur Khas
- (d) D.I. Khan
- (b) Mianwali
Nawab Malik Amir Muhammad Khan, the “Nawab of Kalabagh” and Governor of West Pakistan from 1960 to 1966, belonged to the Kalabagh Estate in the Mianwali District of Northwestern Punjab, Pakistan. He belonged to the Awan tribe and was a powerful feudal lord.
Attock fort was built during the reign of which Mughal emperor?
- (a) Akbar
- (b) Humayun
- (c) Shah Jahan
- (d) Aurangzeb
- (a) Akbar
Attock Fort has its origins in the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who constructed the fort between 1581 and 1583. The fort is located near the Indus River and was under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi. The fort was constructed to secure the crossing point of the river and a key strategic passage. It is a renowned example of Mughal military architecture from the 16th century.
Bit is also called:
- (a) Binary Unit
- (b) Binary Digit
- (c) Binary System
- (d) Digital System
- (b) Binary Digit
The smallest unit of information in a computer system is called a bit, which is short for a binary digit. The bit carries a single piece of information: a 0 or a 1, meaning off or on. The simplicity of this unit of information is the foundation of all digital information and computing systems.
According to World Bank, what was the growth of Pakistan in 2018?
- (a) 5.4%
- (b) 5.8%
- (c) 5.12%
- (d) 5.10%
- (b) 5.8%
According to a World Bank publication, “Pakistan Development Update,” issued in October 2018, “Pakistan’s economy expanded by 5.8 percent in FY2018, which ended on June 30, 2018, growing at its fastest pace in over a decade.”
PROM chips are programmed by plugging up into:
- (a) Chip Kits
- (b) ROM burner
- (c) PROM Programmer
- (d) PROM reader
- (c) PROM Programmer
The correct option is: (c) PROM Programmer
A PROM chip is programmed with the help of a PROM programmer, and the programming stores the data permanently by burning the fuse within the chip.
Notes:
– Chip kits are not used for programming PROMs.
– The term used for programming EPROM/Rom is ‘ROM Burner.’
– PROM reader is used only for reading the data, not for programming.
– Chip kits are not used for programming PROMs.
– The term used for programming EPROM/Rom is ‘ROM Burner.’
– PROM reader is used only for reading the data, not for programming.
IRSA (Indus River System Authority) was established for regulating and monitoring the distribution of water sources of Indus River in:
- (a) 1991
- (b) 1992
- (c) 1993
- (d) 1960
- (b) 1992
The Indus River System Authority (IRSA), established in 1992, regulates and oversees the sharing of water of the Indus River. The IRSA Act was passed after the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991, and it oversees the distribution of water across provinces in Pakistan, with its head office in Islamabad.