Asabiyya, a concept of social solidarity with an emphasis on unity, was given by:

Asabiyya, a concept of social solidarity with an emphasis on unity, was given by:

  • (a) Ibn Khaldun
  • (b) Al-Farabi
  • (c) Ibn Hazm
  • (d) Jarir al-Tabari
  • The Tunisian philosopher of the 14th century, who is regarded by many as the father of sociology and history, Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), was the first to conceive of Asabiyya (ʿasabiyya), which refers to social solidarity, a spirit of collectivity, or “esprit de corps”—the essential bond that allows humans to congregate into groups ranging from small tribes to large civilizations.
  • Ibn Khaldun employed Asabiyya to explain the rise and fall of civilizations. He argued that a strong sense of unity is required to establish a state or dynasty. As societies become more civilized and indulgent, their Asabiyya is weakened, which allows new groups to emerge with higher solidarity. Asabiyya is initially based on blood relations and kinship within tribes, but it can be heightened or intensified on the basis of religious or ideological affinities.
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 ‘NATO’ is an abbreviation of:

  • (A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • (B) Non-Aligned Treaty Organization
  • (C) Non-Aligned Trading Organization
  • (D) North American Transport Organization

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