Modern day football, or soccer, has its origins in England. While there were certainly many different cultures kicking ball-like objects throughout history, often in games of sorts, it was 19th-century England and the creation of the Football Association in London in 1863 that formalized rules for the sport.
Quick Info: While ancient China (cuju) had similar kicking games around 206 BC, the sport as played today is recognized as beginning in Britain.