Jabir ibn Hayyan, also known as Geber, is known as the "father of chemistry" for his work in the experimental and quantitative aspects of chemistry and alchemy in the 8th to 9th centuries. His contributions include the improvement of processes like distillation, crystallization, sublimation, and evaporation. He isolated and characterized various acids and substances like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqua regia.