Nobel Prizes originated from the will of Alfred Nobel, who was a Swedish chemist and inventor. While the Nobel Prizes are globally recognized, their management and conferring are dominated by Sweden. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Swedish Academy awards the Literature prize.
Quick Info: Unique among the original categories, the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo, Norway, rather than in Sweden.